Russia exported more oil in April than in any month since its full invasion of Ukraine last year, with almost 80 per cent of crude shipments flowing to China and India, according to the International Energy Agency.
Russian oil exports edged up by another 50,000 barrels a day in April to a post-invasion high of 8.3mn b/d, far exceeding the 7.7mn b/d and 7.5mn b/d that it averaged, respectively, in 2022 and 2021.
The rise in shipments reflects Moscow’s success in finding new buyers for its oil since Europe blocked imports and new vessels to transport the cargoes to those markets.
Since the west first threatened Russia with sanctions last year, Moscow has worked with a growing number of little-known trading companies and tanker-owners to develop new systems to move its oil.
“Russia seems to have few problems finding willing buyers for its crude and oil products,” the IEA said in a monthly oil report on Tuesday.
The result has been one of the biggest ever shifts in commodity flows, with Russia rerouting millions of barrels a day of oil from Europe to Asia over the past 12 months.
Despite shipping more oil, Russia’s monthly oil export revenues were 27 per cent lower than in April 2022, according to IEA estimates, partly due to lower global energy prices.
Russian oil has also been trading at a discount to global benchmarks due to a G7-led price cap on permitted Russian exports of oil and refined petroleum products imposed, respectively, in December and February.
However, that discount has begun to narrow, the IEA said, as Russia has increased its access to non-western shipping able to operate outside of the price caps. Moscow’s oil export revenues in April were $15bn, up from $13.3bn in March, according to the IEA’s estimates.
In total Russia shipped 5.2mn b/d of crude in April, the most since May 2022, including 2.1mn b/d to China and 2mn b/d to India. Total exports of refined petroleum products were 3mn b/d.
“New refining capacity is driving a continued shift east in forecast crude runs for the remainder of the year, mirroring regional demand strength,” the IEA said.
Imports from Russia had helped meet rising oil demand in China, which hit an all-time high of 16mn b/d in March, the IEA added. “China’s demand recovery continues to surpass expectations,” it said.
In response, the IEA increased its forecast for 2023 global oil demand growth to 2.2mn b/d, adding that China would account for nearly 60 per cent of the increase.
The fall in global oil prices in April and early May, when Brent crude, the global benchmark, fell by nearly $16 a barrel in just two weeks, stood in “stark contrast” to the tighter market expected in the second half of the year, it said.
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